ANALISIS AKAD QARDH DALAM TRANSAKSI PAYLATER APLIKASI MARKETPLACE TIKTOK SHOP STUDI KRITIS PRESPEKTIF FIQIH MUAMALAH

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi finansial telah melahirkan berbagai inovasi layanan pembayaran digital, salah satunya adalah fitur PayLater pada platform TikTok Shop. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik akad qardh dalam transaksi TikTok PayLater serta menilai kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip-prinsip Fiqih Muamalah. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan (library research). Data diperoleh dari sumber primer berupa Al-Qur'an, Hadis, kitab fikih klasik dan kontemporer, serta sumber sekunder berupa jurnal ilmiah, buku ekonomi syariah, dan data resmi OJK. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik TikTok PayLater mengalami pergeseran dari akad qardh yang bersifat sosial (tabarru') menjadi instrumen pembiayaan komersial yang berorientasi pada keuntungan. Hal tersebut tercermin dari adanya biaya layanan dan denda keterlambatan yang memberikan manfaat ekonomi kepada penyedia layanan sehingga berpotensi mengandung unsur riba. Selain itu, integrasi fitur media sosial, algoritma rekomendasi, dan kemudahan akses kredit pada TikTok Shop berpotensi mendorong perilaku konsumtif dan pembelian impulsif yang bertentangan dengan prinsip Sadd adz-Dzari'ah. Dari perspektif Maqasid Syariah, khususnya hifdz al-mal (perlindungan harta), sistem ini berisiko menimbulkan (gharar), ketidakpastian, dan jebakan utang akibat proses penilaian kredit yang relatif longgar. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan regulasi yang lebih ketat, transparansi biaya, serta penerapan prinsip-prinsip syariah yang lebih komprehensif agar layanan PayLater dapat memberikan manfaat tanpa mengabaikan perlindungan harta dan kemaslahatan masyarakat.

The development of financial technology has given rise to various innovations in digital payment services, one of which is the PayLater feature on the TikTok Shop platform. This study aims to analyze the practice of qardh contracts in TikTok PayLater transactions and assess their compliance with the principles of Islamic Fiqh (Islamic Law). The study used a qualitative descriptive method with a library research approach. Data were obtained from primary sources in the form of the Qur'an, Hadith, classical and contemporary fiqh books, as well as secondary sources in the form of scientific journals, Islamic economics books, and official OJK data. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the practice of TikTok PayLater has shifted from a social qardh contract (tabarru') to a profit-oriented commercial financing instrument. This is reflected in the existence of service fees and late fees that provide economic benefits to service providers and therefore have the potential to contain elements of usury. In addition, the integration of social media features, recommendation algorithms, and easy access to credit on the TikTok Shop has the potential to encourage consumer behavior and impulse buying which is contrary to the principles of Sadd adz-Dzari'ah. From the perspective of Maqasid Syariah, especially hifdz al-mal (property protection), this system risks creating (gharar), uncertainty and debt traps due to the relatively loose credit assessment process. Therefore, stricter regulations, cost transparency and a more comprehensive application of sharia principles are needed so that PayLater services can provide benefits without neglecting the protection of assets and the benefit of the community.