PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA MASA NABI MUHAMMAD SAW: TINJAUAN PUSTAKA SEJARAH

Abstrak

Pendidikan Islam pada masa Nabi Muhammad SAW dilaksanakan melalui beberapa lembaga penting seperti Dar al-Arqam, masjid, dan Al-Suffah. Dar al-Arqam merupakan lembaga pendidikan Islam pertama yang berlokasi di rumah Al-Arqam bin Abi al-Arqam di Mekkah, tempat Nabi SAW mengajarkan wahyu secara sembunyi-sembunyi. Setelah hijrah ke Madinah, masjid menjadi pusat pendidikan yang mengintegrasikan aktivitas ibadah, dakwah, dan pembelajaran ilmu agama. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data diperoleh dari literatur primer berupa Al-Qur’an, hadis, serta kitab-kitab sejarah klasik, serta literatur sekunder berupa buku akademik, artikel jurnal, dan penelitian terdahulu terkait pendidikan masa kenabian. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pendidikan Islam pada masa Nabi bersifat menyeluruh, kontekstual, dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan umat, sehingga dapat menjadi model dasar dalam pengembangan pendidikan Islam modern.

Islamic education during the time of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was carried out through several key institutions, including Dar al-Arqam, the mosque, and Al-Suffah. Dar al-Arqam was the first Islamic educational institution, located in the house of Al-Arqam ibn Abi al-Arqam in Mecca, where the Prophet secretly taught the early revelations. After the Hijrah to Madinah, the mosque became the central institution of education, integrating worship, da’wah, and the teaching of religious knowledge. This study employs a library research method with a qualitative approach. Primary data sources include the Qur’an, hadith, and classical Islamic historical texts, while secondary sources consist of academic books, journal articles, and previous studies related to education during the prophetic era. The findings of this study affirm that Islamic education in the Prophet’s time was holistic, contextual, and responsive to the needs of the community, making it a foundational model for the development of contemporary Islamic education.